How to Learn and Study

by John BandlerHow to learn and study infographic

Here is some guidance for students and all learners, including those studying for exams. No magic tricks, no shortcuts, but this works and can be adapted to suit your individual style and needs.

It is based upon my personal experience and contains some helpful concepts. Of course, everyone learns slightly differently, so take this and adapt as needed to suit your needs.

Over the decades I have studied and  learned some complicated content under tough circumstances.

  • When I entered college, I had never taken a physics course but somehow decided to become a physics major. The textbooks, courses, and materials were daunting but I developed methods to learn, even while sleep deprived and when my mind and body said to stop.
  • I went to law school at night while working full time (sometimes the midnight shift) and encountered similar challenges; how to study a lot of material when it seemed overwhelming and I was exhausted.
  • After law school I studied for the bar exam, and then a multitude of certification exams in technology, information security, privacy, fraud investigation, and more.

Everyone is different and I don't pretend to be the expert, and nothing here is magic tricks. (There are plenty of websites and people that promise you magic learning, inside knowledge, etc.) Now that I teach, and wanted to share some of my methods for learning to others, because I think it can help them to learn.

The tips for more efficient learning

1. Put in continual effort. Studying and learning is process that takes time and effort. Plan ahead so that you are ready for any exams (or other deadlines) and so that you retain knowledge.

2. Don’t cram. Last minute frenzied studying is not a good way to learn or retain information. Instead, resolve to put in continual effort.

3. Learn the concepts. Take time to learn the general concepts and underlying reasoning. This helps you put yourself in the general right direction. Don’t simply memorize facts and details.

4. Memorize certain important details. Despite number 3, some details might need to be memorized. Some tests require certain memorization. And when you are trying to grasp difficult materials, committing some facts to memory can give you solid early footholds as you climb. (This is sort of known as a learning concept of "scaffolding").

5. Do not panic and try to relax. Some stress is good and can improve focus, but too much stress (or panic) does not. Remain calm when studying. Think of it as a process where you take one step at a time, tiny steps if needed. Learn initial concepts and facts, and don't try to learn everything at once. This might be referred to as “scaffolding” or “chunking”. To alleviate stress, periodically step away, take deep breaths, do pushups, take a break, etc.

6. Try to stay alert when studying and keep your mind focused and on task. If boredom, distraction, desire for sleep, or other impulses kick in, try these activities to keep you in the game:

    • Read the study material aloud
    • Repeat a fact aloud until you have memorized it
    • Write the fact down repeatedly until you have memorized it
    • Prepare and edit your personal outline/study guide/notes  (keeps your brain engaged)
    • Stand up while studying (hard to fall asleep when standing up)
    • Pushups, situps, balancing exercises, or other brief exercises to get the blood pumping.

7. Designate a study period, focus, and don’t get distracted. (20, 40, 60 minutes straight). (This might be referred to as a “Pomodoro”).

8. Take a break and come away from the material. Your mind needs a rest, and learning and solidifying of learning can occur during these breaks.

9. Do not hunt for “magic” solutions. It is often a confusing waste of time, where many hucksters promise you the perfect solution, the actual test questions,  or other sham promises. Instead of looking for an easy way out, resolve to put in effort.

10. Be ethical and do it right. (Don’t cheat or do anything unethical). This goes without saying but some are tempted and some actually do it. Those that cheat demean themselves and will never learn the material properly nor gain confidence in their own abilities. It also violates rules.

11. Study and pass your requirements honestly and with your own effort. Learn the material, do the work, develop and increase confidence in yourself.

12. Have a "growth" mindset and know that you can grow and learn, even in areas you are having difficulty with. Try not to have a "fixed" mindset by thinking that your knowledge and skills are fixed in place forever and cannot be improved. See advice from Carol Dweck in the book Mindset: The New Psychology of Success.

13. See advice from Barbara Oakley in Learning how to Learn. She has a free online course in the references, some of which I have incorporated above. And she lays it out better.

14. Taking an exam? All of the above applies, you need to learn the material to sit for the test and do well. See my article linked to below on How to Take an Exam.

15. Writing a paper? All of the above applies, except it is about putting your learning onto paper and refining it, rather than remembering it. Researching, writing, and editing a paper requires continual effort, and when done properly the student learns a lot and submits a quality paper. Those who do not put in effort will not learn and their paper suffers. Shortcuts (especially copying and plagiarism and using automated tools like Chat GPT) must be avoided because they do not aid in learning, nor building of confidence, and can result in a poor paper and loss of trust. See my article linked to below on How to Write a Paper.

Conclusion

Hopefully this helps you to improve your studying and learning techniques. If you face a deadline such as an exam or paper, remember the goal of the deadline is to motivate you to put in effort to learn the material, and then to assess your efforts. So try keep a focus on the goal of learning the material and improving your knowledge.

Additional Reading & Learning

This page is hosted at https://johnbandler.com/how-to-learn-and-study. Copyright John Bandler, all rights reserved.

A copy of this article is also available on Medium at https://johnbandler.medium.com/how-to-learn-and-study-60d25e42ab89 (though perhaps not kept as current).

Page posted 7/30/2021. Last Updated 03/29/2024.